Differences between Quit Claim Deeds and Warranty Deeds in Virginia
Differences between Quit Claim Deeds and Warranty Deeds in Virginia
Real estate cannot be lost or stolen, nor can it be carried away. Purchased with common sense, paid for in full, and managed with reasonable care, it is about the safest investment in the world.
- Franklin D. Roosevelt
A deed is a document that transfers ownership or conveys real estate from one party to another. The legal document that transfers ownership of real estate can be a warranty deed or a quitclaim deed.
How is a Deed different from a Sales Contract?
A sales contract is a promise to convey property in exchange for money. A deed is not a promise to convey, it is the conveyance itself. A deed contains a legal description of the real estate being transferred. This may include the lot the property occupies in a platted subdivision. Deeds in rural areas might use meets-and-bounds descriptions of the boundaries, which identify where the property lines are in relation to landmarks.
The deed must identify who is handing over an interest in the property (the grantor) and who is accepting it (the grantee). Most counties require the deed to have the addresses of all the parties involved.
Two Types of Deeds
The legal document that transfers ownership of real estate can be a warranty deed or a quitclaim deed.
Most real estate sales transactions use a warranty deed which states that the grantor (previous owner) is the owner of the property and has the right to transfer the property to the grantee (new owner) and that there are no liens against the property from a mortgage lender, the IRS or any creditor, and that the property can't be claimed by anyone else. Title insurance provides the financial back-up to the warranty deed and requires a title search to verify that no other claims on the property are outstanding.
A quit claim deed is a simpler and lower cost conveyance often used when a property transfers ownership without being sold. No money is involved in the transaction, no title search is done to verify ownership, and no title insurance is issued. The grantor essentially quits all claims to the property and transfers their property interest to the grantee.
When to Use a Quit Claim Deed
Quitclaim deeds are most often used to transfer property within a family. Common applications include an owner getting married and adding a spouse's name to the title, or when a couple getsd divorce and one spouse's name is removed from the title. Quit claim deeds can also be used when parents transfer property to their children, when siblings transfer property to each other, or when property is transferred to a Living Trust.
For a property that does not have a free and clear title, a title insurance may ask a person who may have a property interest to sign a quitclaim deedto make certain that this person doesn't make a future claim of ownership.
A quitclaim deed impacts only the ownership of the real estate and the names on the deed, not the mortgage. For example, in the case of a divorce, if both spouses' names are on the mprtgage, they are still both responsible for the loan, even if a quitclaim deed has been filed.
Filing a Quitclaim Deed
Although the rules vary by jurisdiction, but it's wise to have the deed signed by all parties in front of a notary public, copied and recorded at the county clerk's office. In general, the quit claim deed needs to include the legal description of the real estate being transferred, the date of the transfer and the names of the "grantor" and "grantee." You can check out a free preview of a quit claim deed at 1-2-Law.